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Thailand's top car exporter and top 4x4 exporter to Europe

Jim Autos Thailand is Thailand's and Dubai's top car exporter, Thailand's top auto exporter and Thailand's top 4x4 exporter of Right Hand Drive and Left Hand Drive vehicles to Europe. We established our dominance in export of Right Hand Drive vehicles and have been Asia's top auto exporter to Right Hand Drive countries of Europe as United Kingdom, Jersey, Gibraltar, Jersey, Ireland, Cyprus, Northern Cyprus and Malta. We are also Thailand's top LHD exporter to LHD countries of Northern, Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe providing original LHD pickups and SUVs as LHD Toyota Hilux Vigo, LHD Toyota Fortuner and LHD Mitsubishi L200 Triton. For importing rules info on Asia please check our page on Europe.

Information of different European countries

Albania

Thailand top car exporter to AlbaniaAlbania is situated on the west coast of the Balkan Peninsula opposite the "heel" of the Italian "boot," from which it is separated on the SW and W by the Strait of Otranto and the Adriatic Sea. It is bordered on the N and E by Serbia and Montenegro and Macedonia, and on the SE by Greece, with a total boundary length of 720 km (447 mi). Comparatively, Albania is slightly smaller than the state of Maryland, with a total area of 28,748 sq km (11,100 sq mi) and extends 340 km (211 mi) N-S and 148 km (92 mi) E-W. Albania's capital city, Tiranë, is located in the west central part of the country.

Andorra

Thailand top car exporter to AndorraLandlocked Andorra lies in southwestern Europe on the southern slopes of the Pyrénées Mountains between the French departments of Ariège and Pyrénées-Orientales to the N and the Spanish provinces of Gerona and Lérida to the S, with a total boundary length of 120.3 km (74.6 mi).

Armenia

Thailand top car exporter to ArmeniaArmenia is a landlocked nation located in southeastern Europe/southwestern Asia. Comparatively, the area occupied by Armenia is slightly smaller than the state of Maryland with a total area of 29,800 sq km (11,506 sq mi). Armenia shares boundaries with Georgia on the N, Azerbaijan on the E and S, Iran on the S, and Turkey on the W and has a total boundary length of 1,254 km (778 mi). Armenia's capital city, Yerevan, is located in the west-central portion of the country on the Hrazdan River.

Austria

Thailand top car exporter to AustriaAustria, with an area of 83,858 sq km (32,378 sq mi), is a landlocked country in Central Europe, extending 573 km (356 mi) E–W and 294 km (183 mi) N–S. Comparatively, Austria is slightly smaller than the state of Maine. Bounded on the N by Germany and the Czech Republic, on the E by Hungary, on the S by Slovenia and Italy, and on the W by Liechtenstein and Switzerland, Austria has a total boundary length of 2,562 km (1,588 mi).

Belarus

Thailand top car exporter to BelarusBelarus is a landlocked nation located in eastern Europe, between Poland and Russia. Comparatively the area occupied by Belarus is slightly smaller than the state of Kansas, with a total area of 207,600 sq km (80,154 sq mi). Belarus shares boundaries with Latvia on the N, Russia on the N and E, Ukraine on the S, Poland on the SW, and Lithuania on the NW. The boundary length of Belarus totals 3,098 km (1,925 mi).

Belgium

Thailand top car exporter to BelgiumSituated in northwestern Europe, Belgium has an area of 30,510 sq km (11,780 sq mi) and extends 280 km (174 mi) SE–NW and 222 km (137 mi) NE–SW. Comparatively, the area occupied by Belgium is about the same size as the state of Maryland. Belgium borders on the Netherlands to the N, Germany and Luxembourg to the E, France to the S and SW, and the North Sea to the NW, with a total boundary length of 1,385 km (859 mi).

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Thailand top car exporter to Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina is located in southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, between Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro. Comparatively, Bosnia and Herzegovina is slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia, with a total area of 51,129 sq km (19,741 sq mi). Bosnia and Herzegovina shares boundaries with Croatia on the N, W, and S, Serbia and Montenegro on the E, and the Adriatic Sea on the S, with a total boundary length of 1,389 km (863 mi). Bosnia and Herzegovina's capital city, Sarajevo, is located near the center of the country.

Bulgaria

Thailand top car exporter to BulgariaPart of the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria has an area of 110,910 sq km (42,822 sq mi), and extends 330 km (205 mi) N–S and 520 km (323 mi) E–W. Comparatively, the area occupied by Bulgaria is slightly larger than the state of Tennessee. Bulgaria is bounded on the N by Romania, on the E by the Black Sea, on the SE by Turkey, on the S by Greece, and on the W by Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro, with a total boundary length of 1,808 km (1,123 mi).

Croatia

Thailand top car exporter to CroatiaCroatia is located in southeastern Europe. Comparatively, the area occupied by Croatia is slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia with a total area of 56,542 sq km (21,831 sq mi). Croatia shares boundaries with Slovenia on the W, Hungary on the N, Serbia and Montenegro on the E, Bosnia and Herzegovina on the S and E, and the Adriatic Sea on the W, and has a total boundary length of 8,020 km (4.983 mi), including 5,835 km (3,626 mi) of coastline. Croatia's capital city, Zagreb, is located in the northern part of the country. Croatia's territory includes 1,185 nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea, of which only 66 are inhabited.

Czech Republic

Thailand top car exporter to Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a strategically located landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It sits astride some of the oldest and most significant land routes in Europe. Comparatively, the Czech Republic is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina with a total area of 78,866 sq km (30,450 sq mi). It shares boundaries with Poland (on the NE), Slovakia (on the SE), Austria (on the S), and Germany (on the W and NW) and has a total boundary length of 1,881 km (1,169 mi). The capital city of the Czech Republic, Prague, is located in the northcentral part of the country.

Denmark

Thailand top car exporter to DenmarkSituated in southern Scandinavia, the Kingdom of Denmark consists of Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland. Denmark proper, comprising the peninsula of Jutland (Jylland) and 406 islands (97 of them inhabited), has an area of 43,094 sq km (16,638 sq mi) and extends about 402 km (250 mi) N–S and 354 km (220 mi) E–W. Comparatively, the area occupied by Denmark is slightly less than twice the size of the state of Massachusetts. The Jutland Peninsula accounts for 29,767 sq km (11,493 sq mi) of the total land area, while the islands have a combined area of 13,317 sq km (5,142 sq mi). Except for the southern boundary with Germany, the country is surrounded by water—Skagerrak on the N, Kattegat, Øresund, and Baltic Sea on the E, and the North Sea on the W. Denmark's total boundary length is 7,382 km (4,587 mi), of which only 68 km (42 mi) is the land boundary with Germany.

Estonia

Thailand top car exporter to EstoniaEstonia is located in northeastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia. Comparatively, the area occupied by Estonia is slightly smaller than the states of New Hampshire and Vermont combined, with a total area of 45,226 sq km (17,462 sq mi). Estonia shares boundaries with the Baltic Sea on the N and W, Russia on the E, and Latvia on the S. Estonia's land boundaries total 633 km (392 mi). Its coastline is 3,794 km (2,352 mi). Estonia's capital city, Tallinn, is located in the northern part of the coast.

Finland

Thailand top car exporter to FinlandPart of Fenno-Scandia (the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula), Finland has an area of 337,030 sq km (130,128 sq mi), of which 31,560 sq km (12,185 sq mi) is inland water. Comparatively, the area occupied by Finland is slightly smaller than the state of Montana. Its length, one-third of which lies above the Arctic Circle, is 1,160 km (721 mi) N–S; its width is 540 km (336 mi) E–W.

France

Thailand top car exporter to FranceSituated in Western Europe, France is the second-largest country on the continent, with an area (including the island of Corsica) of 547,030 sq km (211,209 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by France is slightly less than twice the size of the state of Colorado. It extends 962 km (598 mi) N–S and 950 km (590 mi) E–W. France is bounded on the N by the North Sea and Belgium, on the NE by Luxembourg and Germany, on the E by Switzerland and Italy, on the S by the Mediterranean Sea, on the SW by Andorra and Spain, on the W by the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the NW by the English Channel, with a total boundary length of 6,316 km (3,925 mi), of which 3,427 km (2,130 mi) is coastline.

Georgia

Thailand top car exporter to GeorgiaGeorgia is located in southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia. Comparatively, the area occupied by Georgia is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, with a total area of 69,700 sq km (26,911 sq mi). Georgia shares boundaries with Russia on the N and E, Azerbaijan on the E and S, Armenia and Turkey on the S, and the Black Sea on the W. Georgia's land boundary totals 1,461 km (906 mi). Its coastline is 310 km (192 mi). Its capital city, T'bilisi, is located in the southeastern part of the country.

Germany

Thailand top car exporter to GermanyGermany is located in western Europe, bordering the North Sea between France and Poland. Germany is slightly smaller than the state of Montana, with a total area of 357,021 km sq (137,847 mi sq). Germany shares boundaries with Denmark and the Baltic Sea (north), Poland and the Czech Republic (east), Austria (southeast), Switzerland (south), France (southwest), Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands (west), and the North Sea (northwest). Germany's boundary length totals 6,010 km (3,734 mi), of which 2,389 km (1,484 mi) is coastline. Germany's capital city, Berlin, is located in the northeastern part of the country.

Greece

Thailand top car exporter to GreeceGreece is the southernmost country in the Balkan Peninsula, with a total area of 131,940 sq km (50,942 sq mi); about a fifth of the area is composed of more than 1,400 islands in the Ionian and Aegean seas. Comparatively, the area occupied by Greece is slightly smaller than the state of Alabama. Continental Greece has a length of 940 km (584 mi) N–S and a width of 772 km (480 mi) E–W. It is bounded on the N by Macedonia and Bulgaria, on the NE by Turkey, on the E by the Aegean Sea, on the S by the Mediterranean Sea, on the SW and W by the Ionian Sea, and on the NW by Albania, with a total land boundary length of 1,228 km (763 mi) and a coastline of 13,676 km (8,498 mi). The capital city of Greece, Athens, is located along the country's southern coast.

Hungary

Thailand top car exporter to HungaryHungary is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, with an area of 93,030 sq km (35,919 sq mi), extending 268 km (167 mi) N–S and 528 km (328 mi) E–W. Comparatively, the area occupied by Hungary is slightly smaller than the state of Indiana. It is bounded on the N by Slovakia, on the NE by the Ukraine, on the E by Romania, on the S by Serbia and Montenegro and Croatia, on the SW by Slovenia, and on the W by Austria, with a total boundary length of 2,171 km (1,349 mi). Hungary's capital city, Budapest, is located in the north central part of the country.

Iceland

Thailand top car exporter to IcelandIceland, the westernmost country of Europe, is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, just below the Arctic Circle and a little more than 322 km (200 mi) E of Greenland, 1,038 km (645 mi) W of Norway, and 837 km (520 mi) NW of Scotland. It has an area of 103,000 sq km (39,769 sq mi), extending 490 km (304 mi) E–W and 312 km (194 mi) N–S. Comparatively, the area occupied by Iceland is slightly smaller than the state of Kentucky. The total length of coastline is about 4,988 km (3,099 mi). The republic includes many smaller islands, of which the chief are the Westman Islands (Vestmannaeyjar) off the southern coast.

Ireland

Thailand top car exporter to IrelandAn island in the eastern part of the North Atlantic directly west of the United Kingdom, on the continental shelf of Europe, Ireland covers an area of 70,280 sq km (27,135 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Ireland is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia. The island's length is 486 km (302 mi) N–S, and its width is 275 km (171 mi) E–W. The Irish Republic is bounded on the N by the North Channel, which separates it from Scotland; on the NE by Northern Ireland; and on the E and SE by the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel, which separate it from England and Wales. To the W, from north to south, the coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.

Italy

Thailand top car exporter to ItalySituated in southern Europe, the Italian Republic, including the major islands of Sicily (Sicilia) and Sardinia (Sardegna), covers a land area of 301,230 sq km (116,306 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Italy is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. The boot-shaped Italian mainland extends into the Mediterranean Sea with a length of 1,185 km (736 mi) SE-NW and a width of 381 km (237 mi) NE-SW. It is bordered on the N by Switzerland and Austria, on the NE by Slovenia, on the E by the Adriatic and Ionian seas, on the W by the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seas, and on the NW by France, with a total land boundary length of 1,932 km (1,200 mi) and a coastline of 7,600 km (4,712 mi). Situated off the toe of the Italian boot, Sicily has a surface area of 25,708 sq km (9,926 sq mi). Sardinia, which is about 320 km (200 mi) NW of Sicily, covers an area of some 24,090 sq km (9,300 sq mi). Within the frontiers of Italy are the sovereign Republic of San Marino, with an area of 61.2 sq km(23.6 sq mi), and the sovereign state of Vatican City, which covers 44 hectares (108.7 acres).

Latvia

Thailand top car exporter to LatviaLatvia is located in northeastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia. Comparatively, Latvia is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia, with a total area of 64,589 sq km (24,938 sq mi). Latvia shares boundaries with Estonia on the N, Russia on the E, Belarus on the S, Lithuania on the SW, and the Baltic Sea on the W. Latvia's land boundary length totals 1,150 km (713 mi). Its coastline is 531 km (330 mi). Latvia's capital city, Riga, is located near the southern edge of the Gulf of Riga.

Liechtenstein

Thailand top car exporter to LiechtensteinLiechtenstein, roughly triangular in shape, is a landlocked country situated in the Rhine River Valley. The fourth-smallest country in Europe, it is bordered by the Austrian province of Vorarlberg to the N and E, the Swiss canton of Graubünden to the S, and the Rhine River and the Swiss canton of St. Gallen to the W, with a total boundary length of 76 km (47 mi).

Lithuania

Thailand top car exporter to LithuaniaLithuania is located in eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Poland. Comparatively, it is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia with a total area of 65,200 sq km (25,174 sq mi). Lithuania shares boundaries with Latvia on the N and NE, Belarus on the S and SE, Poland on the SW, Russia-Kaliningrad Oblast on the W, and the Baltic Sea on the NW. Lithuania's land boundary length totals 1,273 km (791 mi). Its coastline is 99 km (62 mi).

Luxembourg

Thailand top car exporter to LuxembourgA landlocked country in Western Europe, Luxembourg has an area of 2,586 sq km (998 sq mi), with a length of 82 km (51 mi) N-S and a width of 57 km (35 mi) E-W. Comparatively, the area occupied by Luxembourg is slightly smaller than the state of Rhode Island. The eastern boundary with Germany is formed by the Our, Sûre (Sauer), and Moselle rivers. Luxembourg is bordered on the S by France and on the W and N by Belgium, with total border length of 359 km (223 mi).

Macedonia

Thailand top car exporter to MacedoniaMacedonia is a landlocked nation located in southeastern Europe. Macedonia is slightly larger than the state of Vermont with a total area of 25,333 sq km (9,781 sq mi). Macedonia shares boundaries with Serbia and Montenegro (north), Bulgaria (east), Greece (south), and Albania (west), and has a total boundary length of 766 km (476 mi). Macedonia's capital city, Skopje, is located in the northwestern part of the country.

Malta

Thailand top car exporter to MaltaMalta lies in the central Mediterranean Sea, 93 km (58 mi) south of Sicily and 290 km (180 mi) from the nearest point of the North African mainland. There are three main islands—Malta, Gozo to the NW, and Comino between them—as well as two small uninhabited islands, Cominotto and Filfla. Extending for 45 km (28 mi) SE-NW and 13 km (8 mi) NE-SW, Malta's total area is 316 sq km (122 sq mi)—Malta, 245.7 sq km (94.9 sq mi); Gozo, 67.1 sq km (25.9 sq mi); Comino, 2.8 sq km (1.1 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Malta is slightly less than twice the size of Washington, D.C. The total coastline is 252.81 km (157 mi).

Moldova

Thailand top car exporter to MoldovaMoldova is a landlocked nation located in eastern Europe, between Ukraine and Romania. Comparatively, it is slightly larger than the state of Maryland with a total area of 33,843 sq km (13,067 sq mi). Moldova shares boundaries with Ukraine on the N, E, and S; and Romania on the W. Moldova's border length totals 1,389 km (864 mi).

Monaco

Thailand top car exporter to MonacoThe second-smallest country in Europe and the world after the Vatican, Monaco is situated in the southeastern part of the French department of Alpes-Maritimes. The area, including recent reclamation, is 195 ha (482 acres), or 1.95 sq km (0.75 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Monaco is about three times the size of the Mall in Washington, D.C. The principality's length is 3.18 km (1.98 mi) E–W, and its width is 1.1 km (0.68 mi) N–S. Bounded on the N, NE, SW, and W by France and on the E and SE by the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco has a total border length of8.5 km (5.3 mi), of which 4.1 km (2.5 mi) is coastline.

Netherlands

Thailand top car exporter to NetherlandsSituated in northwestern Europe, the Netherlands has a total area of 41,526 sq km (16,033 sq mi), of which inland water accounts for more than 7,643 sq km (2,951 sq mi). The land area is 33,883 sq km (13,082 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by the Netherlands is slightly less than twice the size of the state of New Jersey. The Netherlands extends 312 km (194 mi) N–S and 264 km (164 mi) E–W. The land area increases slightly each year as a result of continuous land reclamation and drainage. The Netherlands is bounded on the E by Germany on the S by Belgium, and on the W and N by the North Sea, with a total boundary length of 1,478 km (918 mi), of which 451 km (280 mi) is coastline.

Norway

Thailand top car exporter to NorwayNorway occupies the western part of the Scandinavian peninsula in northern Europe, with almost one-third of the country situated N of the Arctic Circle. It has an area of 324,220 sq km (125,182 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Norway is slightly larger than the state of New Mexico. Extending 1,752 km (1,089 mi) NNE-SSW, Norway has the greatest length of any European country; its width is 430 km (267 mi) ESE-WNW. Bounded on the N by the Arctic Ocean, on the NE by Finland and Russia, on the E by Sweden, on the S by the Skagerrak, on the SW by the North Sea, and on the W by the Norwegian Sea of the Atlantic Ocean, Norway has a land boundary length of 2,544 km (1,581 mi) and a total coastline estimated at 21,925 km (13,624 mi).

Poland

Thailand top car exporter to PolandSituated in eastern Europe, Poland has an area of 312,680 sq km (120,726 sq mi), extending 689 km (428 mi) E–W and 649 km (403 mi) N–S. It is bounded on the N by the Baltic Sea, on the N and E by Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, on the S by Slovakia and the Czech Republic, and on the W by Germany, with a total land boundary of 2,788 km (1,794 mi) and a coastline of 491 km (305 mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Poland is slightly smaller than the state of New Mexico.

Portugal

Thailand top car exporter to PortugalThe westernmost country of Europe, Portugal occupies the greater portion of the western littoral of the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal has an area of 92,391 sq km (35,672 sq mi), including the Azores (Açores) Archipelago, and Madeira and Porto Santo. Comparatively, the area occupied by Portugal is slightly smaller than the state of Indiana. The mainland of Portugal extends 561 km (349 mi) N-W and 218 km (135 mi) N-W. Bordered on the N and E by Spain and on the S and W by the Atlantic Ocean, Portugal has a total boundary length of 3,007 km (1,868 mi), of which 1,793 km (1,114 mi) is coastline.

Romania

Thailand top car exporter to RomaniaSituated in eastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, Romania has a total area of 237,500 sq km (91,699 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Romania is slightly smaller than the state of Oregon. The dimensions of the country are 789 km (490 mi) E–W and 475 km (295 mi) N–S. It is bounded on the N and NE by Ukraine and Moldova, on the E by the Black Sea, on the S by Bulgaria, on the SW by Serbia and Montenegro, and on the W by Hungary, with a total boundary length of 2,733 km (1,698 mi), of which 225 km (140 mi) is coastline. Romania's capital city, Bucharest, is located in the south central part of the country.

Russia

Thailand top car exporter to RussiaRussia is located in northeastern Europe and northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world—slightly less than 1.8 times the size of the United States, with a total area of 17,075,200 sq km (6,592,771 sq mi). Russia shares boundaries with the Arctic Ocean on the N, northern Pacific Ocean on the W, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Georgia on the S, and the Black Sea, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Finland on the W with a total land boundary of 19,990 km (12,421 mi) and a coastline of 37,653 km (23,396 mi). Russia's capital city, Moscow, is located in the eastern part of the country.

San Marino

Thailand top car exporter to San MarinoSan Marino is the third-smallest country in Europe. With an area of 60 sq km (23 sq mi), it extends 13.1 km (8.1 mi) NE-SW and 9.1 km (5.7 mi) SE-NW. Comparatively, the area occupied by San Marino is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, D.C. It is a landlocked state completely surrounded by Italy, with a total boundary length of 39 km (24 mi).

Serbia and Montenegro

Thailand top car exporter to SerbiaSerbia and Montenegro, formerly known as Yugoslavia, is situated in southeastern Europe along the Adriatic Sea. The country extends over the middle of the Balkan Peninsula and along the southern tip of the Pannonian Plain. The total area is 102,350 sq km (39,518 sq mi). The entire country is slightly smaller than the state of Kentucky. Serbia and Montenegro is bordered on the N by Hungary, on the NE by Romania, on the E by Bulgaria, on the S by Macedonia and Albania, on the SW by the Adriatic Sea and a narrow strip of Croatia, on the W by Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the NW by Croatia; total land boundary length is 2,246 km (1,396 mi) and the coastline is 199 km (124 mi). There are territorial disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina over Serbian-populated areas.

Slovakia

Thailand top car exporter to SlovakiaSlovakia is a landlocked country located in Eastern Europe. Comparatively, it is about twice the size of the state of New Hampshire with a total area of 48,845 sq km (18,859 sq mi). Slovakia shares boundaries with Poland (on the N), Ukraine (on the E), Hungary (on the S), and Austria and the Czech Republic (on the W), and has a total boundary length of 1,355 km (842 mi). Slovakia's capital city, Bratislava, is located on the southwestern border of the country.

Slovenia

Thailand top car exporter to SloveniaSlovenia is located in central Europe. Slovenia is slightly larger than the state of New Jersey with a total area of 20,273 sq km (7,827 sq mi). Slovenia shares boundaries with Austria (north), Hungary (east), Croatia (south), and the Adriatic Sea and Italy (west), and has a total land boundary of 1,334 km (829 mi) and a coastline of 46.6 km (29 mi). Slovenia's capital city, Ljubljana, is located near the center of the country.

Spain

Thailand top car exporter to SpainOccupying the greater part of the Iberian Peninsula, Spain is the third-largest country in Europe, with an area of 504,782 sq km (194,897 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Spain is slightly more than twice the size of the state of Oregon. This total includes the Balearic Islands (Islas Baleares) in the western Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) in the Atlantic Ocean west of Morocco; both island groups are regarded as integral parts of metropolitan Spain. The Spanish mainland extends 1,085 km (674 mi) E–W and 950 km (590 mi) N–S. Bordered by the Bay of Biscay, France, and Andorra on the N, by the Mediterranean on the E and S, by Gibraltar and the Strait of Gibraltar on the S, by the Gulf of Cádiz on the SW, and by Portugal and the Atlantic on the W, Spain has a total land boundary of 1,918 km (1,192 mi) and a coastline of 4,964 km (3,084 mi). Spain also holds Ceuta, Melilla, and other "places of sovereignty" in the north of Morocco.

Sweden

Thailand top car exporter to SwedenFourth in size among the countries of Europe, Sweden is the largest of the Scandinavian countries, with about 15% of its total area situated north of the Arctic Circle. Extreme length N–S is 1,574 km (978 mi) and greatest breadth E–W is 499 km (310 mi). Sweden has a total area of 449,964 sq km (173,732 sq mi): land area, 410,934 sq km (158,663 sq mi); water area, 39,030 sq km (15,070 sq mi), including some 96,000 lakes. Comparatively, the area occupied by Sweden is slightly larger than the state of California. Sweden is bounded on the N and NE by Finland, on the E by the Gulf of Bothnia, on the SE by the Baltic Sea, on the SW by the Öresund, the Kattegat, and the Skagarrak, and on the W by Norway, with a total boundary length of 5,423 km (3,370 mi), of which 3,218 km (2000 mi) is coastline. The two largest Swedish islands in the Baltic Sea are Gotland and Öland. Sweden's capital city, Stockholm, is located on the southeast Baltic Sea coast.

Switzerland

Thailand top car exporter to SwitzerlandA landlocked country in central Europe, Switzerland has an area of 41,290 sq km (15,942 sq mi), extending 348 km (216 mi) E–W and 220 km (137 mi) N–S. Comparatively, the area occupied by Switzerland is slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey. Bounded on the N by Germany, on the E by Liechtenstein and Austria, on the SE and S by Italy, and on the W and NW by France, Switzerland has a total boundary length of 1,852 km (1,151 mi).

Ukraine

Thailand top car exporter to UkraineUkraine, the second largest country in Europe, is located in eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia. Comparatively, Ukraine is slightly smaller than the state of Texas with a total area of 603,700 sq km (233,090 sq mi). Ukraine shares boundaries with Belarus on the N, Russia on the E, the Black Sea on the S, Romania, Moldova, Hungary, and Slovakia on the W, and Poland on the NW. Ukraine's location is one of strategic importance at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. Its land boundary totals 4,663 km (2,897 mi) and its coastline is 2,782 (1,729 mi). Ukraine's capital city, Kiev, is located in the north central part of the country.

United Kingdom

Thailand top car exporter to United KingdomThe United Kingdom is situated off the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the N and NW and the North Sea on the E, separated from the Continent by the Strait of Dover and the English Channel, 34 km (21 mi) wide at its narrowest point, and from the Irish Republic by the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel. Its total area of 244,820 sq km (94,526 sq mi) consists of the island of Great Britain—formed by England, 130,439 sq km (50,363 sq mi); Wales, 20,768 sq km (8,018 sq mi); and Scotland, 78,783 sq km (30,418 sq mi)—and Northern Ireland, 14,120 sq km (5,452 sq mi), on the island of Ireland, separated from Great Britain by the North Channel. Comparatively, the area occupied by the United Kingdom is slightly smaller than the state of Oregon. There are also several island groups and hundreds of small single islands, most of them administratively part of the mainland units. The United Kingdom extends about 965 km (600 mi) N-S and about 485 km (300 mi) E-W. Its total boundary length is 12,789 km (7,947 mi), of which 12,429 km (7,723 mi) is coastline. The Isle of Man, 588 sq km (227 sq mi), and the Channel Islands, comprising Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark, with a combined area of 194 sq km (75 sq mi), are not part of the United Kingdom but are dependencies of the crown. The 0° meridian of longitude passes through the old Royal Observatory, located at Greenwich in Greater London. The United Kingdom's capital city, London, is located in the southeast part of Great Britain.

Vatican

Located within Rome, Vatican City is the smallest state in Europe and in the world. It is a roughly triangular area of 0.44 sq km(0.17 sq mi) lying near the west bank of the Tiber River and to the west of the Castel Sant'Angelo. On the W and S it is bounded by the Leonine Wall. The Vatican area comprises the following: St. Peter's Square, enclosed by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini's quadruple colonnade; St. Peter's Basilica, the largest Christian church in the world, to which the square serves as an entrance; a quadrangular area north of the square in which there are administrative buildings and Belvedere Park; the pontifical palaces, or the Vatican proper, lying west of Belvedere Park; and the Vatican Gardens, which occupy about half the acreage.

EUROPEAN UNION (EU) Enlargement

The European Union (EU) expanded from 15 to 25 members on May 1, 2004, with the accession of 10 Central and Eastern European and Mediterranean countries (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia).

Collective Trade Barriers

No local content regulations or import/export requirements are maintained by any of the EU member states.

European Union Tariff Rates

Motor vehicle imports from non-EU and non-EFTA countries are subject to common external tariffs (CET) that range from 5.3 to 22 percent.

  • Passenger Cars: 10%: passenger cars 12.5%: electric-motored cars
  • Trucks: The CET for diesel- and gas-engine trucks is either 11 or 22 percent, depending on the vehicle engine capacity.
    • 11%: diesel or semi-diesel trucks with an engine capacity of 2.5 liters and below; gas-engine trucks not exceeding 2.8-liter engine capacity
    • 22%: diesel or semi-diesel trucks with an engine capacity exceeding 2.5 liters; gas-engine trucks exceeding 2.8 liters
    • Dump trucks are subject to either a 6 or 17 percent duty, depending on engine capacity
    • 6%: dump trucks with an engine capacity of 2.5 liters and below 17%: dump trucks with an engine capacity exceeding 2.5 liters
    • All trucks made specifically for the purpose of transporting highly radioactive materials are subject to a 5.3 percent CET.

EU's Single Internal Market ("EC-92") and the Type-Approval Directive

The EU's single internal market became official on January 1, 1993. Part of the "EC-92" effort includes the initiative to remove technical barriers to the free movement of products within the EU. The program's greatest impact on the automotive sector has been in the area of standards. The EU Commission has attempted to harmonize automotive technical and environmental standards between the member states. EU legislation also covers noise and particulate emissions, as well as safety. For example, as of January 1, 1993, all motor vehicles in the EU must have a catalytic converter.

In addition, the EU's type-approval directive (EU Council Directive 92/53) eliminates the need for national type-approval requirements by establishing one set of rules for automobiles and their parts throughout the EU. This directive aims to clarify the type-approval procedure for motor vehicles, separate technical units (i.e., trailers), and components. It simplifies the documentation, designates the type-approval number on a separate technical unit as certification of conformity, and defines vehicles, separate technical unit(s), and component(s). Certificates of conformity, as specified in Annex IX of EU Directive 92/53, will be required in order for an automobile to enter into service. For component approvals, an approval issued under relevant regulations of the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) is recognized as equivalent to an approval granted under comparable EU legislation.

In March 1992, the EU Council formally adopted the few remaining pieces of component-related legislation necessary to make whole-vehicle type approval a reality for passenger cars. In June 1992, EU member state officials approved the adoption of EU legislation creating a single system for certifying that passenger cars meet safety and other technical requirements. The legislation established a EU type-approval system to replace the twelve member state national schemes.

In 1996, the EU type-approval system became mandatory. Vehicles with EU type-approval can be marketed anywhere in the Community. Therefore, a vehicle need only receive type-approval certification in one EU country to be accepted in all other member countries. To receive type-approval, products may either be brought to a testing facility or manufacturers may opt to maintain their own approved, on-site equipment. Nevertheless, U.S.-and EU-origin automobiles must still be certified to this single set of rules by an authorized member state agency. A similar system was adopted for type-approval of two and three wheeled vehicles, and became effective on January 1, 1994. Should you need further information or would like to obtain these addresses, please contact the Department of Commerce: European Union Affairs Office at (202) 482-5279.

Value-added taxes (VAT)

As part of the establishment of the single internal market, the EU member states have also begun to harmonize their VAT rates into a narrow band of approximately 15 percent. Until that time, VAT rates are country-specific, and in some cases, sector-specific; the rates fluctuate between standard, reduced and luxury VAT rates. However, standard VAT rates are generally applied to vehicles throughout the EU. EU VAT rates currently range from 15 to 25 percent. VAT rates for each EU member are listed below:

VAT Rates

Country VAT Country VAT Country VAT
Austria 20% Greece 18% Poland 22%
Belgium 21% Hungary 25% Portugal 19%
Cyprus 15% Ireland 21% Slovakia 19%
Czech Republic 19% Italy 20% Slovenia 20%
Denmark 25% Latvia 18% Spain 16%
Estonia 18% Lithuania 18% Sweden 25%
Finland 22% Luxembourg 15% United Kingdom 17.5%
France 19.6% Malta 18%
Germany 16% Netherlands 19%

EU-Japan Voluntary Restraint Agreement (VRA)

In anticipation of fully opening EU markets to Japanese competition in the year 2000, the EU and Japan agreed in 1991 to an orderly transition period under a VRA. From January 1993 to December 1999, motor vehicle exports from Japan to the EU were restricted in relation to total EU market sales. Japanese access to the EU market after this period became unlimited.

 

 

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